Computational aided-molecular imprinted polymer design for solid phase extraction of metaproterenol from plasma and determination by voltammetry using modified carbon nanotube electrode

A molecular imprinted polymer [MIP] was computationally designed and synthesized for the selective extraction of metaproterenol [MTP]. from human plasma. In this regards semi empirical MP3 and mechanical quantum [DFT] calculations were used to find a suitable functional monomers. On the basis of computational and experimental results, acrylic acid [AA] and DMSO:MeOH [90:10%V/V] were found to be the best choices of functional monomer and polymerization solvents, respectively. This polymer was then used as a selective sorbent to develop a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction [MISPE] procedure followed by differential pulse voltammetry by using modified carbon nanotube electrode. The analysis was performed in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Peak currents were measured at +0.67 V versus Ag/ AgCl. The linear calibration range was 0.026-8.0 microg ml[-1] with a limit of detection 0.01 microg ml/[-1]. The relative standard deviation at 0.5 microg ml/[1] was 4.76% [n=5]. The mean recoveries of 5 microg ml/[-1] MTP from plasma was 92.2% [n=5]. The data of MISPE-DPV were compared with the M1SPE-HPLC-UV. Although, the MISPE-DPV was more sensitive but both techniques have similar accuracy and precision

Performance evaluation of a novel potentiometric membrane sensor for determination of atorvastatin in pharmaceutical preparations

A novel potentiometric ion-selective PVC membrane sensor for analysis of atorvastatin [AT] in pharmaceutical preparations based on atorvastatin-[tetraphenyl borate] [AT-[TPB][2] as sensing element, tetraphenyl borate as additive and tris-2-ethyl-hexyl phosphate [TOP] as plasticizer solvent was prepared. The electrode shows a good Nernestian response over the concentration range of 0.09-5586 microg ml/of AT with slope of 30.1 +/- 0.1 mV/decade and limit of detection0.056microg ml.The response time of sensor is fats [less than 10 sec] and could be used for about one month in the pH range of 4.5-8.0. The electrode exhibit good selectivity for the AT in the presence of large amount of co-drugs and inorganic cations. The method is precise and accurate with mean relative standard deviation of <2%.Atorvastatin is determined successfully in several tablets by the proposed membrane

Effect of honey bee venom on lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a model for multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis [MS] is a progressive and autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system [CNS]. This disease is recognized through symptoms like inflammation, demyelination and the destruction of neurological actions. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis [EAE] is a widely accepted animal model for MS. EAE is created in animals by injecting the tissue of myelin basic protein [MBP], CNS, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein [MOG] along with the adjuvant. EAE and MS are similar diseases. Honey Bee venom [Apis mellifera] contains a variety of low and high molecular weight peptides and proteins, including melittin, apamin, adolapin, mast cell degranulating peptide and phospholipase A2. Bee venom [BV] could exert anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects on the inflammatory reactions. The guinea pig spinal cord homogenate [GPSCH] is with the Complete Freund's Adjuvant [CFA], consisting of 1 mg/mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was used for inducting EAE in Lewis rats for creating the MS model. The hematoxylin and eosin and luxol fast blue methods were used respectively in analyses of inflammation and detection of demyelination in the central nervous system. Furthermore, the ELISA and the high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] were used for the assessment of tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha] and nitrate in rats serum. In this study, we indicated that the treatment of EAE with Bee venom decreased the symptoms of clinical disorder, pathological changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, demyelination in the central nervous system, level of serum TNF-alpha, and the serum nitrates in rat EAE induced through GPSCH

Two biological active fractions isolated from buthotus schach [bs] scorpion venom examined on striated muscle preparation, in-vitro

Buthotus schach is one of the most dangerous scorpions in tropical part of Iran. The effects of its crude venom at 1, 3, 10 microg/mL and its obtained fractions by gel filtrations were investigated on neuromuscular transmission. CBC and MHD indirectly and directly stimulated preparations techniques were used to study their possible pre or post junctional activities. At 3 and 10 microg/ mL [not at 1 microg/mL], BS venom caused initiall increase in twitch height followed by blockage due to large contraction that responded gradually at the same time. Contracture responses to exogenous Ach [1-2 mM, 30 sec] and Carb [30-40 microM, 60 sec] in the presence of the venom were not increased which does show no anticholinstrease effects. Furthermore Contracture response to KC1 [20-40 mM, 30 sec] does changed exposure to venom in CBC preparations. On the other hand the effects of the venom in response to directly stimulated preparations was shallower than in indirect stimulated preparations. So in agreement with KCL response BS venom affects mostly prejunctionally to facilitate the neurotransmitter release rather than postjunctionally effects. To access bioactive components, seven fractions were collected by gel filtrations techniques. Among the fractions F[6], LD[50]=21 microg < F[4], LD[50]= 35.5 microg < Venom LD[50]= 84 microg per mice were more toxic respectively. Both fractions show the same effects but stronger than venom on twitch height responses in indirectly stimulated CBC preparations. Finally, according to our results venom as well as fractions F4 and F6 act mostly prejunctionally on Ach release. More attempt is carrying out to study their effects on ion channel activities